Explosive-engine.



No. 877,730. PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

H. R. PALMER.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1903.

6 SHEETSSHEET 1 No. 877,730. PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908. H. R'. PALMER.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION TILED AUG. 28, 1903.

a SHEETS-SHEET 2.

P12861860. Ez veni'or' TUQ-M JGAMJ M W M No. 877,730. PATENTED JAN. 2a, 1908. H. R. PALMER.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1903.

6 SHEETSSHEET 3..

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

H. R. PALMER.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1903.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

H. R. PALMER.

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1903.

6 SHEETSSHEET 5.

Wit :1 e 615 6 J.

PATENTED JAN. 28, 1908.

H. R. PALMER.

- BXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 28, 1903.

6 sums-sum 6.

fii y I I l rinrrnn STATES" PATENT Fries.

HERBERT R. PALMER, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE PALMER OIL ENGINE COMPANY, OF EAST CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF MICHIGAN.

EXPLOSIVE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented .ian. as, 1908.

Application filed August 28.1903- Serial No. 171041.

Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Explosive-Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the-accompanying drawings.

The object of the inventionis to provide suitable pumping mechanism which will furnish a continuous circulation of motor fluid, and in connection with this circulating system to provide injecting mechanism which will in ect a portion of the fluid from said system into the explosion chamber, together with other features of construction which will be more clearly brought out.

The invention may be here summarized as the combinations of parts shown and hereinafter described, whereby these and some incidental results are attained as. set forth in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my engine, showing all the parts in their proper relation with respect to eachother; Fig. 2 is an end elevation; Fig. 3 is a similarview with a portion of the cyl-' inder and easing broken away to more clearly show the internal parts and also with the feed supply pump in vertical section; Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the engine with the cylinder heads removed; Fig. 5-is a top plan view of the casing together with the pump mechanism; Fig. 6 is a detail view in vertical section'to clearly show the construction of the cylinder and iston togetherwith the explosion chamber; ig. 7 is a sectional view of the air inlet showing its connection with the. carbureter for supplying gasolene mixture; Fig. 8 is a detail view of the pump and the valve mechanism for feeding kerosene under pressure to the explosion chamben; Fig 9 is a detail view of the same mechanism taken from another direction; Fig. 10 is an elevation of the cams for operating the feed pumps and Figs. 11, 12, 13 and .14,

are sectional views upon the lines indicated in Fig. 10.

In the embodiment herein shown the engine has two parallel cylinders A and A. Secured to the upper ends of .the cylinders is a casing C. This casing is arranged to extend from one cylinder to the other, and is provided above each cylinder with an explosion chamber 0, as shown in Fig. 6. Each explosion chamber 0 is provided on one side with an inlet valve 0 adapted to engage a hollow seat 0 secured in'the casing, and has a stem 0 extending out through the seat 0, where it is provided with a suitable cap 0 adapted to be engaged by a spring'e. which holds the valve upon its seat. To openthis valve a lever R is provided which is pivoted to the casing and is secured to a rod 1- carrying a friction roller 1' shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, for engaging a cam 1 upon the cam shaft h Communicating with the opening within the hollow seat 0 is a passageway D -which has an air inlet valve D arranged to be opened and closed by suitable mechanism hereinafter described. The passa eway D 'is connected with a suitable gaso'ene carbureter D the construction of which is not of the essence of my invention, but is simply arranged to supply carbureted air to the port D, when the engine is started, the valve D having been previously closed, therefore a detailed description of the same is not necessary.

The casingC adjacent to each explosion chamber is provided uith a sparking device 0- adapted to ignite the asolene mixture as it is drawn in through t e carburetor D through the passageway D and into the cylinder. This sparking device may, however, be thrown out of operation after the engine is under way. On the' opposite side of each explosion chamber, to the point where the inlet valve 0 is located, is an exhaust valve 0 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. This arrangement of air inlet and exhaust, together with the oil supply valve, in the explosion chamber is peculiarly effective in an engine of this type for the reason that the incomng air tends to cool the exhaust valve and the relation of the oil supply valve, with respect to the air inlet tends to insure the complete saturation of the air with oil. This valve is operated by the usual operating lever S to permit the exhaust to escape from the engine. 7

At an point in each explosionchamber, preferab y atthe top, is located a valve and pump mechanism which supply kerosene under pressure to the engine, and this mechbolts e. Rigid with this casing is a pump cy'linder'e having within the same a piston e*, which is held normally in an outward position by means of a spring a bearing against the head 6 of said piston. Each cylinder e is provided with a boss e" at a short distance from the point corresponding to the end of the stroke of the piston, connect ing up with the pipes ynand y or the return pipe for the motor fluid. Each boss ,6" is provided with an opening 0 for receiving the pipes y and 11 and are located midway between the limits of the stroke of each piston whereby when each piston makes its complete stroke it will close this opening as it passes the same, and the motor fluid ahead of the piston will be injected into the cylinder. 'W ithin the casing E, is a sleeve 11; se-

' cured in said casing in anysuitable manner and having in its upper end a plug e which projects down'to a point just'above an opening 0 registering with a port e leading to the opemng in the cylinder e A cap E? is secured to the upper end of the casin'g""E whereby the sleeve E may be readilyremoved for any reason, whether it be on account of the blockingof the valve or on-account of the carbonization of the charge therein. The lower end of the sleeve E is provided with a tapering valve seat 0 adaptedto receive a tapering valve 6 which .has its stem extending up inside of the sleeve E where it is provided with a coiled spring bearing against a boss e rigid with said stem, and thus holding the valve e upon its seat.

Perforationse are provided in this boss for thep'urpose of permittingthe passage of oil therethrough. The sleeve E and the casing-are both provided with comc by means of pipes j and 9' municating openings which form a passage 0 slanting down toward the lower part of said sleeve. A pipe F connects with this opening a above the valve e and into the opening in the sleeve E and delivers kerosene through the same. Thispipe is pro vided with a check valve f, Fig. 5, between it and themain supply pipe to prevent the backward flow of the oi One of these valves is provided for each supply-pump .and valve mechanism. I

Mechanism is provided for maintaining a free circulation of kerosene inthe feed pipes y and y wherebyv it may be readily supplied to the feed pumps, and this mechanism consists of a pump carried by the crank chamber A and connected with the supply pipes The pipe communlcates with the pipe X which, at 1ts u per end, (Fig; 5) communicates with t e piston 3 is arranged- P l? wcentrlc ring 9 'embracmg an eccentric 3* main st; l 7 i' e while the pi e leads to the ta nht bhozsmand from t 's tank the pipe .X leads to the feed pipes 'y and'y A to reciprocate within the and is pivotally connected to an ec.

readily removed-and placed in an opening 7' (Fig. 3) in the eccentric j? for the urpose of serving as a crank for rotating said eccentric to operate the pump for su plying kerosene to the feed pumps when t e engine is first started, or after the feed pipes have been drained for any reason. Of course if the feed pipes have not been drained then this operation is unnecessary. Thepi e 9' passes to a chamber 9' in the lower end 0 the pump and. communicates with the chamber 7" through a valve controlled port 1' This chamber 1' is in direct communication with the. ump cylinder and communicates with the eed pipe j through another valve controlledport j".

- From the foregoing, it will be seen that as the engine operates the kerosene for o erating the same will be forced up, throug the feed pipes to the up er part of the system. A free circulation ofe'rosene is maintained in this way through the ipef and the oil is forced in through the va ve casing E into the spring the oil travels up through the openings 6 in the boss and but through the opening a, through the pum' cylinder a, through thev passageway e and ack'through the pipe X to the supply; This. operation continues until the pump piston 'e s forced inward by devices to .bedescribed when it passes the assageway e closes that means of escape or the oil and'forces that part of it which has sleeve E jetween: the valve, e. and its seat e and thereby sprays it into the exploslon chamber, the check valvefhavin prevented been entrapped in the pump cylinder and the the backward flow of the oil t ough the p1pej. The object of arranging the direction of the supply through the opening 3 toward the bottom of the casing and just above the valve, and having a free circulation through this part of the mechanism and out through the byass a, is for the purpose of preventing the collection of gases and sediment which might hinder the perfect opera tion of the valve 0 pumps e and also for opening'fthe valve 1), and, since these two devices are operated in conjunction with each other, their "mechanism 'will now be described. Mounted in suitable bearin s. upon the frame is a cam shaft H which as rigid therewith, a broad pinion h, meshingwith the driving pinion h secured to the exhaust valve operat ng rlz irim shaft h? driven by the engine shaft.

- r I in Mechanism is provided for operating these,

pinion k conveys continuous rotary motion 5 1pinion h and" hence to its shaft Rigid with the shaft "are-the camswhich e shaft H to be shiftedlongitu- 1 ism previously described until the friction ated will be varied, the time of admission in around the shaft.

pistons, already described.

This will feed a greater amount of oil to the the shaft, H is shifted in the opposite direcoperate the feed pumps, one set for each cyl- I inder. The cam h in each set is constructed in a manner such that the operating face tapers down in a longitudinal direction as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, where. it is continued in the same direction by the cam h, the highest point of which is the same distance from the center throughout its length, but instead of being arranged in a straight line, it runs spirally fora short distance At the point Where this cam stops, islocated the-cam h which retains the same longitudinal direction throughout its length tapering in the same manner as did the cam h but smaller in size as shown in the drawing. This camtapers down to a cylindrical collar h which is also rigid with the shaft H and is engaged by the friction roller of the feed pump operating lever when kerosene is not being used or in other words while the engine is being started or at rest. These I cams are all rigid upon the shaft as above stated, and any suitable mechanism may be rovided for sliding the shaft longitudinally. S uch a device is illustrated by a lever Z swiveled to the same.

Pivoted to the casing are-the pump 0 erating levers I, 1 which carry suitable riction rollers at one end for engagement with the cams just mentioned and at the other ends are arranged to engage the feed pump After the engine is under way or after it has attained speed through the use of gasolene, then the operator shifts theshaft H through the mechanroller of each'feed pump operating lever rests at the foot of the cam k when the minimum amount of charge for medium speed will be delivered to the cylinders. The further shifting of the shaft H in the same direction will bring a higher point of the cam it into engagement with the friction roller.

engine, To retard the speed of the engine,

tion, so that the friction roller of each feed pump operating lever will be brought to some point in the length of the spiral cam h. The spirals of these cams are such that they a sufiicient amount to in ect the charge a little in advance of the completion of the compressionstroke of the piston. This necessarily causes the immediate explosion, which, since the piston has not yet completed its stroke as just stated will reduce the speed of the engine. The speed of the engine may be varied within broad limits upon these two cams, but if a further reduction in speed is necessary, the shaft H may be shifted further in the direction last specified, when the extent to which the feed pumps are operthis instance representing the .maximum 'oted to the stem (1 thereof.

advance in the time of admission of the charge to' the cylinder last had upon the spiral cam h.

When the engine is at rest and during the timethat it is operating upon gasolene, the valve D is closed by a lever Gwhich is pivin turn pivoted to the frame at g, and has its bifurcated end projecting out and around the shaft H. Secured to the end of the shaft H, is a flange g forming an abutment for a spring 9 which bears against a collor 9 This lever G is A suitable device is provided upon the engine for cooling the pistons by the air which is set in circulation through the-operation of the trunk pistons. For this purpose I rovide a webbed pipe K which is connecte( with the crank chamber of one cylinder and with the crank chamber of the other, so that when the piston descends in one cylinder the air from that crank chamber'will be forced through the pipe K to the other crank chamber and in its passage through said pipe it will be cooled by the cooling 'webs k provided thereon.

Throughout the specification and claims the term kerosene has been used as applied to the fuel by which the engine is operated after it is fairly under way. The invention, however, is not limited to the use of kerosene alone though that, by reason of its cheapness, prevalence, and large number of heat unitsis the best fuel now known to me, and the term kerosene is intended to include any other heavy hydro-carbon which contains a large number of heat units. The term gasolene has also been used to describe the fluid by which the engine is started, but this too is only by way of example and includes an other light hydro-carbons such as alcoho, benzin, naphtha, etc. which may be used for starting the engine in the manner set forth;' the fundamental idea being to first start the engine .by the use of a light hydro-carbon and then operate it by the carbon as set forth. I

Having described my invention I claim: 1. In an explosion engine, in combination, a cylinder and piston, an explosion chamber upon said cylinder, a valve in said explosion chamber, means for conveying motor fluid adjacent to said valve, an in'ector-plunger adapted to cross and thereby lock the outlet for said motor fluid and at the same time conduits communicating with said 'valve' casing for the passage of the motor fluid through said'valve casing without entering said cylinder, means for supplying a constant I circulation'iol'motor fluid to said conduit, and

inj ection means for injecting a portion of the fluid therefrom through said valve and into the ex-v plosion chamber.

3: In an explosion engine, in combination, a cylinder and iston, a valve in said cylinder for contro ling .the admission of the .chargeitheretof aconduit through which motor fluid maylpass, an injector plunger arranged in'said conduit and adaptedto.

inject a portion of the fluid into the cylinder through saidvalve,'a variable cam, mechan-.' ismconnecting said cam with said injector plunger, and means for shifting said cam relatively to said mechanism to vary the 4. In an ex losive engine, in combination, a cylinder an piston, a combustion chamber for said cylinder, a valve casing secured to said chamber, avalve in said casing for controlling the admission of the charge to the cylinder, means for maintaining said valve 1 in a closed position, a pump cylinder secured to said valve casing, said pump cylinder and said valve casing being provided with ports whereby there maybe "a continuous circulation' through the cylinder of said pump through sald casing, means for supplying 40 motor fluid to bring about sucha circulation, and a piston in. said pump cylinder and adapted to close the egress port thereinand in'ect aportion of the motor fluid into the cylinder.

.5. In an ex jfor saidicylindena valve casing secured to said chamber, a valve said casing for coIi-.

, trolling theadmission 'ofthe charge tothe .50

1 n a, closed position, a pump. cylinder secured -to'said valvecasing, said pum cylinder and cylinder, means for maintaining. said'valve Esaid valve casing being 'provi edwith ports I .Whereby' there may be a-continuouscircula-* tion -;through the cylinder of said pump -through said casing, means for supplying motor fluid to bring about such a circulation, a piston in said pump cylinder and I adapted to close the egress port therein and inject'a'portion ofthe-motor fluid into the I cylinder, and means, for blocking the backwardflow ofthe'fluid;

6.; In an ex losive engine,' in combination,

acylinder an piston, an explosion chamber for saldcylinder, avalve. in. said chamber, a

the same through said valve.

losive engine, in combination, a cylinder an piston, a combustion chamber casing above said valve provided with aninlet for the motor fluid and an outlet therefor, an injector cylinder in direct 'communi cation with said outlet from said valve casing, an outlet port leading from said inector cylinder, an injector piston mounted in said cylinder and adapted to close the egress port'therefrom and to inject a portion 0 the motor fluid into the cylinder, and

means for maintaining a constant-circula t1on through said valveflcasing and through said injector cylinder.

7 In an explosive engine, in combination, a, cylinder, a plililmp and valve casing mounted upon said cy der, a spring for holding said valve closed, means for supplying a continuous flow of oil through said pump and said casing, and means whereby the o era- .tion'of the piston of said pump may 7 look portion of the flow of said oil and force a 8. A valve for an explosive engine 'consisti'ng of a casin adapted to be secured. to the cylinder, a va ve in the lower end of said casingfa'pump, a cylinder secured to said casin means for passing a continuous flow of oi throughsaid casing and said pump cylinder, and means whereby the operation of the ump piston may block the outlet for said oil and mayjforce. a portion thereof through the valve of said casing.

9. A; valve for an explosive engine, consisting of a casing adapted to be secured to -the cylinder, a valve seat secured within said casing, -a valve operating upon said seat, and means for holding .said valve closed, a pump cylinder secured to said casing, a piston within the same, means for supplying uid hydro-carbon above said valve seat, said ump cylinder being provided with a port or conveying away the oil as it flows through said casing and through said pump said liquid into the cylinder through said .v v 10. In an explosive eng1ne, mgcom"b1na* tion with the cylinder, of a valve casing secured: to the same, a tubular valve seat having a tapered opening in the lower end of the same, apump cylinder secured to. said casing and having a port leadin from the same to the discharge ipe, a vglve within said valveseat, said va ve having a tapered head, a boss upon the stem of said valve cylinder, said port being so located that when the piston to said pump is operated it close saidport and force a portion of ada ted to slide in said seat andfprovid'ed' wit means for holding said valve closed,1'a port for supplying liquid hydro-carbon. to the opening within said valve seat, said piston being adapted to closethe portleading from its cylinder. and also adapted to force a portion of said-liquid hydro-carbon through said valve.v

suitable openings through the-same,

11; In anexplosive engine, in combina tron, a 'cyhnder and piston,- a'valve' casing such pump cylinder, an inlet and an egress port in the pump between the pump piston and the valve casing, the pump piston being adapted to close the e ress port and inject a portion of the motor uid into the cylinder, and means for circulating the motor fluid through the pum cylinder.

12. In an exp osive engine, in combination, a cylinder and piston, a Valve'casing,

adapted to communicate with the cylinder,

a valve for controlling suchcommunication,

a pump adapted to inject fluid into the Valve casing, means for circulating the fluid continuous ly throu h the passageway from the pump to the Va ve casing, said ipump'being adapted-to shut off the egress from said passageway when it injects fluid into the casing.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto aflix myv signature in the presence of two witnesses.

Witnesses:

ALBERT H. BATES, B. W. BROCKETT. 

